How do you crawl JavaScript-heavy sites?

Answer

To crawl JavaScript‑heavy sites, use a headless browser to render pages before extracting content. Wait for critical elements to appear or for network activity to settle. You can also intercept API calls and collect JSON responses directly. Rendering is more resource‑intensive, so keep concurrency low. Cache rendered results when possible to reduce repeated work. This approach captures the same content a user sees in the browser.